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material made from virgin raw material(s)

Note 1 to entry: the terms “recycled material” and “secondary material” have the same meaning in EN 45557.

materials which, according to a defined classification methodology, are economically important, and have a high-risk associated with their supply

Note 1 to entry: for the purpose of EN 45558, CRMs are the ones listed in annex 1 of {COM(2017) 490 final} [2]. Future updates to this list will apply and replace former versions of this list.

material diverted from the waste generated during a manufacturing process excluding reutilization of materials such as rework, regrind or scrap generated in a process and being reincorporated in the same process that generated it

Note 1 to entry: Same process means the same manufacturing operation for the same type of product in the same or different physical location.

[SOURCE: ISO 14021:2016, 7.8.1.1, modified by replacement of “stream” by “generated”, addition of Note 1 to entry and amended according to drafting rules of CEN/CLC Internal Regulations Part 3]

chemical elements and their compounds in the natural state or obtained by any production process, including any additive necessary to preserve the stability of the product and any impurities deriving from the process used, but excluding any solvent which can be separated without affecting the stability of the substance or changing its composition

[SOURCE: GHS:2017, Chapter 1.2, [8] modified by replacing “may” by “can”]

‘placing on the market’ means making available an EEE on the Union market for the first time;

Note 1 to entry: Normal use should not be confused with intended use. While both include the concept of use as intended by the manufacturer, intended use focuses on the purpose while normal use incorporates not only the purpose, but transport and storage as well.

[SOURCE: IEV 871-04-22]

use in accordance with information provided with a product or system, or, in absence of such information, by generally understood patterns of usage

Note 1 to entry: Intended use should not be confused with normal use. While both include the concept of use as intended by the manufacturer, intended use focuses on the purpose while normal use incorporates not only the purpose, but transport and storage as well.

[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014; 3.6, modified Note 1 to entry added]

process of enhancing the functionality, performance, capacity or aesthetics of a product

Note 1 to entry: An upgrade to a product may involve changes to its software, firmware and/or hardware.

Note 2 to entry: Refer to the “Blue Guide” [3] for conditions under which a product is considered as a new product when placing it on the market after upgrading it.

AG 1 Elektrotechnik & IKT

ability to function as required, under defined conditions of use, maintenance and repair, until a limiting state is reached

Note 1 to entry: The degree to which maintenance and repair are within the scope of durability will vary by product or product-group.

Note 2 to entry: The user of EN 45552 has to define the criteria for the transition from limiting state to end-of-life (EoL). For more information see Figure D.1 in EN 45552 [13].

Note 3 to entry: Durability can be expressed in units appropriate to the part or product concerned, e.g. calendar time, operating cycles, distance run, etc. The units should always be clearly stated.

AG 1 Elektrotechnik & IKT 

AG 7 Digitalisierung, Geschäftsmodelle & Management

probability that a product functions as required under given conditions, including maintenance, for a given duration without limiting event

Note 1 to entry: The intended function(s) and given conditions are described in the information for use provided with the product.

Note 2 to entry: Duration can be expressed in units appropriate to the part or product concerned, e.g. calendar time, operating cycles, distance run, etc. The units should always be clearly stated.

failure due to cumulative deterioration caused by the stresses imposed in normal use

Note 1 to entry: The probability of occurrence of a wear-out failure typically increases with the accumulated operating time, number of operations, and/or stress applications.

Note 2 to entry: In some instances, it may be difficult to distinguish between wear-out and ageing phenomena.

[SOURCE: IEV 192-03-15]

action carried out to retain a product in a condition where it is able to function as required

Note 1 to entry: Examples of such actions include inspection, adjustments, cleaning, lubrication, testing, software update and replacement of a wear-out part. Such actions could be performed by users in accordance with instructions provided with the equipment (e.g. replacement or recharging of batteries); or the actions could be performed by service personnel in order to ensure that parts with a known time to failure are replaced in order to keep the product functioning.

process by which a product or its parts, having reached the end of their first use, are used for the same purpose for which they were conceived

Note 1 to entry: Reuse after second or subsequent usage is also considered as reuse, but normal, regular or sporadic use is not considered as reuse

AG 1 Elektrotechnik & IKT

AG 7 Digitalisierung, Geschäftsmodelle & Management

AG 1 Elektrotechnik & IKT

AG 7 Digitalisierung, Geschäftsmodelle & Management

restoration or modification of the functionality of a product or part

Note 1 to entry: Reprocessing may consist of repairing, rework, replacement of worn parts, and/or upgrade of soft- firm- and/or hardware.

industrial process which produces a product from used products or used parts where at least one change is made which influences the safety, original performance, purpose or type of the product

Note 1 to entry: The product created by the remanufacturing process may be considered a new product when placing on the market. Refer to the EU Blue Guide [1] for additional information.

Note 2 to entry: Refurbishing is a similar concept to remanufacturing except that it does not involve changes influencing safety, original performance, purpose or type of the product. It is not covered by EN 45553.

recovery operation of any kind, by which waste materials are reprocessed into products, materials or substances whether for the original or other purposes excluding energy recovery

[SOURCE: Directive 2008/98/EC, modified by moving the last sentence of definition to NOTE 1 to entry]

process whereby a product is taken apart in such a way that it could subsequently be assembled and made operational

[SOURCE: IEC 62542 definition 6.1, modified by changing “an item” into “a product” and deleting the Note to Entry]

AG 1 Elektrotechnik & IKT

AG 7 Digitalisierung, Geschäftsmodelle & Management

hardware, firmware or software constituent of a product

Note 1 to Entry: EN 45555 and EN 45557 use a modified (by addition of a Note to Entry) version of this definition, in order to exclude firmware and software, which are not relevant for the purpose of those standards.

Note 2 to Entry: For consistency with other relevant standards, EN 45558 provides a definition of “product part”, which is not based on this definition of “part”.

Note 3 to Entry: These Notes to Entry are not part of the original definition in EN 45554.

hardware constituent of a product that cannot be taken apart without destruction or impairment of its intended use

Note 1 to entry: A component which is used again with or without alteration is considered a reused component

[SOURCE: IEC 62542 definition 3.3, modified “electronic” removed, “device” replaced by “hardware constituent of a product”, Example removed, and Note 1 to entry replaced by “A component which is used again with or without alteration is considered a reused component”]

operation of any kind, the principal result of which is waste serving a useful purpose by replacing other materials which would otherwise have been used to fulfil a particular function, or waste being prepared to fulfil that function, in the plant or in the wider economy

Note 1 to entry: Annex II of the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) sets out a non-exhaustive list of recovery operations.

[SOURCE: Directive 2008/98/EC, modified by moving the last sentence of definition to NOTE 1 to entry]

production of useful energy through direct and controlled combustion or other processing of waste

[SOURCE: IEV 904-04-03, modified by deletion of Note 1 to entry]

recovery operation of any kind, other than energy recovery and the reprocessing into materials that are to be used as fuels or other means to generate energy

Note 1 to entry: Material recovery includes, inter alia, preparing for reuse, recycling and backfilling.

[SOURCE: Directive 2008/98/EC, modified by moving the last sentence of definition to Note 1 to entry]

material recovered from waste generated by households or by commercial, industrial and institutional facilities in their role as end-users of a finished product

life cycle stage of a product starting when it is removed from its intended use stage

Note 1 to entry: Within EN 45555, removal from its intended use phase includes when it has been discarded as waste.

[SOURCE: IEV 904-01-17, modified with the addition of the Note 1 to entry and alignment of wording M/543]

recovery operation of any kind where suitable non-hazardous waste is used for purposes of reclamation in excavated areas or for engineering purposes in landscaping

Note 1 to entry: Waste used for backfilling must substitute non-waste materials, be suitable for the aforementioned purposes, and be limited to the amount strictly necessary to achieve those purposes.

[SOURCE: Directive (EU) 2018/851, modified by moving the last sentence of definition to NOTE 1 to entry]

operation of any kind, which is not recovery even where the operation has as a secondary consequence the reclamation of substances or energy

Note 1 to entry: Annex I of the Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) sets out a non-exhaustive list of disposal operations.

[SOURCE: Directive 2008/98/EC, modified by deleting the last sentence of definition and adding NOTE 1 to entry]

substance or object of any kind, which the holder discards or intends or is required to discard

[SOURCE: Directive 2008/98/EC]

natural polymer

free

substance free

recyclable textile 

4.1.1

general provisions from design to distribution intended for covering the body with everything except the
footwear
Note 1 to entry: The term "clothing" is intended for referring to the concept of clothing in opposition to the
clothing product.
Note 2 to entry: In English, the terms "clothing" and "garment" were used as synonym in the standards.

The term
"clothing" may refer to either "clothing" (4.1.1) or "garment" (4.1.2). Only the context, in which the term is used, will
determine which one of the two is intended. Henceforth, definitions have been introduced in this document to clearly distinguish their meaning 

4.1.2

single article of clothing (4.1.1)

Note 1 to entry: The term "garment" is intended for referring to the product.
Note 2 to entry: The garment may consist of single or multiple layers.
EXAMPLE Trousers, jacket, coats, gloves , gaiters , socks, etc

style

style of model

change of the product performance over time during use or storage
Note 1 to entry: For example:
— cleaning, maintenance or disinfecting processes;
— exposure to visible light and/or ultra-violet radiation;
— exposure to high or low temperatures or to changing temperatures;
— exposure to chemicals including humidity;
— exposure to biological agents such as bacteria, fungi, insects or other pests;
— exposure to mechanical action such as abrasion, flexing, pressure and strain;
— exposure to contaminants such as dirt, oil, splashes of molten metal, etc.;

—exposure to wear and tear

protective garments>

process for inspection, care and repair with the aim of retaining the
protective properties and preventing excessive deterioration of the garments

protective garments

process of keeping the protective garments in good working order, including procedures for cleaning, decontamination and storage

Plastics - Environmental aspects – Vocabulary

Vorschlag: Return a product to good working order. This can include repairing or replacing components, updating specifications, and improving cosmetic appearance

Note: In Abhängigkeit vom Produkt kann die Überarbeitung vielfältige Formen annehmen. Die Ausprägung Repair/Reparieren/Reparatur wird detaillierter in der nächsten Zeile behandelt. 

The total time period [during which] an asset/machine can  technically perform/function before it must be replaced

[Note: lifetime does not have to be  measured in ‘time’; other units include number of cycles, hours in operation, kilometers driven etc.]” 

(source: greenfacts.org) 

Dalhammar et al (2021)